JPSBR: Vol 2: Issue 5

ABSTRACT: Three simple, rapid, accurate, precise and cost-effective UV spectrophotometric methods have been developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of Escitalopram oxalate and Etizolam in tablet dosage form. The UV methods have been developed utilizing concept of standard addition utilizing 0.1 N HCl as a solvent. Method I is estimation using simultaneous equation method at 238.2 nm (λmax of Escitalopram oxalate) and 251.6 nm (λmax of Etizolam). Method II is Q ratio (absorbance ratio) method utilize absorbance measurement at 238.2 nm and 248.8 nm (isoabsorptive point). Method III is absorbance correction method utilize absorbance measurement at 238.2 nm for Escitalopram oxalate and 292.8 nm for Etizolam. Linearity was observed in range of 10-60 µg/ml and 5-30 µg/mlfor Escitalopram oxalate and Etizolam respectively for all three methods .The correlation coefficient value was found to be 0.9989-0.9998. All methods were statistically validated as per ICH guidelines and can be successively applied for analysis for tablets formulation. KEYWORDS Escitalopram oxalate, Etizolam, Simultaneous equation method, Q ratio (absorbance ratio) method, Absorbance correction method

In this research work, Alcoholic extract of Picrorrhiza kurroa (PK extract) (15, 30 and 60 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered once daily for seven successive days to separate groups of young male Swiss albino mice. The immobility periods of control and treated mice were recorded in forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). Effect of sulpiride (50 mg/kg, i.p.; a selective D ₂ receptor antagonist), prazosin (3 mg/kg, i.p.; an α ₁ - adrenoceptor antagonist) and p-chlorophenylalanine (p- CPA, 100 mg/kg, i.p.; an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis) on antidepressant effect of PK extract in TST was also studied. The antidepressant effect of PK extract was compared to that of imipramine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and fluoxetine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) administered for seven successive days. PK extract produced significant antidepressant effect at a dose of 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg administered for seven successive days, as indicated by reduction in the immobility times of mice in both FST and TST. PK extract in at a dose of 15 mg/kg did not show significant effect on locomotor activity of mice. The efficacy of PK extract was found to be comparable to that of imipramine and fluoxetine. Sulpiride and prazosin significantly attenuated the PK extract-induced antidepressant effect in TST. On the other hand, p-chlorophenylalanine did not reverse antidepressant-like effect of PK extract. This suggests that the antidepressant effect of PK extract seems to be mediated by an increase in brain norepinephrine and dopamine, but not by an increase in serotonin. The results of the present study indicate the involvement of adrenergic and dopaminergic systems in the antidepressant effect of alcoholic extract of Picrorrhiza kurroa . KEYWORDS: Depression, forced swim test, tail suspension test.

ABSTRACT: Developing oral controlled release tablets for water soluble drugs with constant release rate has always been a challenge to the pharmaceutical technologist. Most of these water soluble drugs if not formulated properly, may readily release the drug at a faster rate and produce a toxic concentration of drug on oral administration. Hence it is a challenging task to formulate a suitable tablet dosage form for prolonged delivery of water soluble drugs. Theophylline is a bronchodilator agent and commercially available as Elixir, Liquid and Solution which require two or three times a day dosing. Fast acting dosage forms leads to patient noncompliance and fluctuation in plasma concentration. To overcome this extended release dosage form is better choice. It is desirable in the therapeutic and prophylactic treatment of diseases to provide the Theophylline in extended release form. Extended release dosage forms can increase patient compliance due to reduction in frequency of dosing. They may also reduce the severity and frequency of side effects as they typically maintain substantially constant plasma levels. Hence the current research work is carried out to develop pharmaceutical equivalent extended release dosage form in comparison with innovator product. The most commonly used method of modulating the drug release is to include it in a matrix system. Diffusion controlled polymeric matrix devices have been widely used as drug delivery systems owing to their flexibility to obtain a desirable drug release profile, less chance of dose dumping, cost effectiveness and broad regulatory acceptance. The controlled drug-delivery systems are useful to increase the retention time of the drug-delivery systems for more than conventional dosage forms. KEYWORDS : Theophylline, Bronchodilatation , Extended release, Glyceryl Behenate, HPMC

ABSTRACT: Birth control has become a major problem in the society, due to the present lifestyle. Generally, emergency contraceptive pills are used to take care of such problems. In case of failure of such pills, abortifacients are resorted to. Abortifacients may be (i) Ayurvedic or (ii) Allopathic. In normal course, abortifacients tend to be effective within 28 – 60 days of conception. If the period of administration of abortifacients increases, they may not give desired results. In such cases, surgery is the only option available. Various surgical procedures adopted for termination of pregnancy are Vaccum Aspiration and Dilation; Dilation and Evacuation (D & E); Induction Abortion, etc. Many unethical issues are found to be associated to it. These issues may cast longstanding and irreversible effects upon the human health and thereby affect the standards of human life grossly. Therefore, a detailed study into the techniques adopted for termination of pregnancy is required. KEY WORDS: Abortion, Abortifacients, Mifepristone, Misoprostol, self medication

ABSTRACT: Most of today's major pharmaceutical companies were founded in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Key discoveries of the 1920s and 1930s, such as insulin and penicillin, became mass-manufactured and distributed. Global pharmaceutical market is highly dynamic and is characterized by greater levels of R&D expenditure and extensive regulation of its products. Global pharmaceutical sales are estimated to be US$ 643 billion in 2006, a growth of 7% over the previous year. All of these changes are ultimately good for the Indian pharmaceutical industry, which suffered in the past from inadequate regulation and large quantities of spurious drugs. They force the industry to reach a level necessary for global competitiveness. At the time of independence in 1947, India’s pharmaceutical market was dominated by Western MNCs that controlled between 80 and 90 percent of the market primarily through importation. Approximately 99 percent of all pharmaceutical products under patent in India at the time were held by foreign companies and domestic Indian drug p rices were among the highest in the world. According to industry estimates, a great chunk --almost 40 per cent --of machinery used in the pharmaceutical manufacturing in India is produced in Gujarat. This creates a very good local and global opportunity for Gujarat in the manufacturing of pharmaceutical machinery, given its strong and well established engineering sector, points out a recent study titled Gujarat Pharma-Industry-striding into the future, KPMG, India The strong growth prospects of the pharmaceutical exports segment and growing demand from the domestic market, will further fuel growth in the pharmaceutical machinery sector. However, Gujarat's engineering sector is highly fragmented, especially the pharma-machinery manufacturing segment. Due to the highly fragmented nature, there is a dearth of pricing power and critical scale. This in turn restricts the ability to produce the technology- driven products required for operating in global markets. KEY WORDS: Global scenario, India Pharma industry, Industry in Gujarat

ABSTRACT: In the pharmaceutical research and development the novel drug delivery system (NDDS) plays remarkable performance. A milestone in oral NDDS is innovative and highly versatile drug delivery system. ODDS use the principle of osmotic pressure, as an energy source, for the delivery of drugs. Oral osmotic drug delivery systems with their versatile and their highly predictable drug release rates offer various biomedical advantages. Osmosis is one type of aristocrat phenomenon that seizes the attention for its exploitation in zero-order drug delivery systems. The drug delivered from these systems is not reliable of pH and the physiological conditions. Optimizing semipermeable membrane and the osmotic agents can modulate drug release from the system. In this article, a detailed description of various oral osmotically driven systems along with their formulation aspects, therapeutic applications and evaluation techniques are described. KEYWORDS: Drug delivery system, Osmotic pressure, Zero- order release rate, Semipermeable membrane.

ABSTRACT: Pyrazole and their derivatives are found to have profound biological activity. In the present work some novel substituted Pyrazole derivatives were synthesized. Pyrazole are synthesized by treating ethyl bis [methyl thio] -2- cyanoacrylate with hydrazide derivatives. The Derivatives of Pyrazole were prepared by Schiff base reaction. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR and Elemental Analysis. All the compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activity of newly synthesized derivatives was carried out on different micro-organisms (E.coli, S. aureus, A.niger, C. albicans) at the concentration of 200µcg/mL by using cup-plate agar diffusion method. The activity was measured in terms of zone of inhibition and compared with standard drug ciprofloxacin for antibacterial and griseofulvin for antifungal activity. All the compounds were screened for in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity at different concentration like200 g/ml, and 300 g/ml, by inhibition of protein denaturation method. Ibuprofen was used as standard drug. Some of them Compounds were screened for the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity at 200 µg/ml concentration. Compound 6b shown the most promising anti-inflammatory activity KEY WORDS: Pyrazole; Pyrazole derivatives; Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory