Volume 2, Issue 4
Pages no. 162 - 194
Available online 13 Aug 2012
The Physiological Role of Leptin: A Review
Patani P. V.*, Ghaisas M.M., Molvi K.I., Seth A.K.
Liposome Drug delivery system: a Critic Review
Nishith Patel *, Subhranshu Panda
Comparative Evaluation of Extraction Methods for Extraction of Essentioal Oil from Foeniculum Vulgare
Jigar B. patel, Bhavna Patel, Rajendra K. Patela, Bhavesh H. Patel
A Review: Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems and its Rational in Peptic Ulcer Treatment.
Anandkumar K. Patel *, Vishnu M. Patel
Formulation and Development of Olanzapine Orally Disintegrating Tablets
Mihir Patel *, Chintan Oza, M.M.Soniwala, Subranshu Panda
© JPSBR Publications 2011-2024
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ABSTRACT:
Obesity is an increasing health problem not only in the industrialized western countries but, also in the developing
countries like India. The adipose tissue specific obese (
Ob)
gene and its peptide product leptin were discovered in
1994. Since then, a plethora of studies on its important function in regulating body weight have been undertaken
and has opened a whole new field of research. Although the role of leptin on obesity has been reviewed
extensively, our knowledge of its physiological role(s) is not fully known and is an ever-growing subject. Leptin
binding to specific receptors in the hypothalamus results in altered expression of orexigenic and anorexigenic
neuropeptides that regulate neuroendocrine function and energy homeostasis, and recent experimental evidence
suggests that leptin plays an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity and eating disorders. This review will
attempt to give a summary of the main physiological actions of leptin in the body and to explore the possibility of
the leptin feedback system being used as a basis for the development of new drugs to combat obesity.
KEYWORDS: Leptin, obesity, neuropeptides
ABSTRACT:
Amongst various carrier systems, liposomes have generated a great interest because of their versatility. Liposomes
not only deliver both hydrophilic and lipophilic medicaments for cancer, immunomodulation, diagnostics, antibiotics,
antifungal, opthalmics, aniashamatic, vaccines, enzyme and genetic modification, but also gives wide choice of
delivery like pulmonary, oral, vaginal, brain, transdermal, systemic, vaccine and antigen delivery with advantage of
low cost, greater stability, purity of raw material, ease of storage. Although there are certain factors and hurdles that
affect the development of liposome drug delivery system. About 40 years has been passed but still the delivery
system is on R & D scale and only few countable liposome products have been reached to market. Here in this
review some of these possible reasons and hurdles in the liposome drug delivery system are being discussed.
KEYWORDS: Liposome, Phospholipid, Hurdles in liposome development
ABSTRACT:
Foeniculum vulgare
, commonly known as fennel, is used as carminative and purgative. The extraction of fennel
powder was carried out by traditional method like Hydrodistillation (HD) and newer methods like Supercritical
Fluid Extraction (SCFE) and Improved Microwave Assisted Extraction (IMAE) technique. Oils extracted by different
methods were determined by GC-MS method. The total content fraction of determined compounds were100%,
85.3 % and 105.1 % for supercritical fluid extraction, Improved microwave assisted extraction and hydrodistillation
respectively. The extraction times were 150 minutes, 25 minutes and 210 minutes for HD, SCFE and IMAE
respectively. The yield was 0.88, 0.5 and 0.4 % for HD, SCFE and IMAE respectively.
KEYWORDS: Foeniculum vulgare, Hydrodistillation, Supercritical fluid extraction, improved microwave assisted
extraction.
ABSTRACT:
Controlled release (CR) gastroretentive dosage forms (GRDF) enable prolonged and continuous input of the drug to
the upper parts of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and improve the bioavailability of medications that are characterized
by a narrow absorption window. CR-GRDF provides a means to utilize all the pharmacokinetic and pharmaco-
dynamic advantages of controlled release dosage forms for such drugs. GRDF provides a mean for controlled
release of compounds that are absorbed by active transport in the upper intestine. It also enables controlled delivery
for paracellularly absorbed drugs without a decrease in bioavailability. Prolonged gastric retention can be achieved
by using floating, swelling, bioadhesive, or high-density systems. Recent advances in polymer science and drug
carrier technologies have promulgated the development of bioadhesive systems that have boosted the use of
“bioadhesion” in drug delivery. The development of mucus or cell-specific bioadhesive polymers and the concepts of
cytoadhesion and bioinvasion provide unprecedented opportunities for targeting drugs to specific cells or intracellular
compartments. H2Receptor antagonists (H2RAs) have become first-line therapy for acid related peptic disease and
GRDF especially designed for H2RAs and drugs against Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori), including specific targeting
systems and leading to a marked improvement in the quality of life for a large number of patients. In this connection,
new formulations with better absorption, better bioavailability and better acid-suppressing regimens are welcome.
KEY WORDS: Mucoadhesion, H2 Receptor antagonist, porous carrier.
ABSTRACT:
In case of psychiatric treatment immediate release of drug from the dosage form is required. In current
investigation,Olanzapine an antipsychotic drug was chosen to develop orally disintegrating tablets using wet
granulation technique. In preliminary studies tablets were formulated using different subliming agents like
Menthol, Camphor, Ammonium bicarbonate and Thymol. Tablets were also formulated using different
superdisintegrants viz. sodium starch glycolate, Crospovidone XL, Croscarmellose sodium and resin as a
superdisintegrant (Kyron T-314). Polacrilin potassium A11 (2%) exhibited the least disintegration time and
higher
in vitro
drug release as compared to sodium starch glycolate, Crospovidone and Croscarmellose
sodium. so polacrilin potassium was selected for further studies. Olanzapine is basic in nature so citric acid
was used to enhance the solubility of Olanzapine. A 3
2
randomized full factorial design was adopted to
optimize the variables, The amount of subliming agent, menthol (X1) and the amount of Kyron T-314(X2)
were selected as independent variables. The disintegration time and percentage friability (%F) were selected
