ABSTRACT: The buccal region of the oral cavity is an attractive site for drug delivery. Through this route, it is possible to carry out the administration of mucosal (local side effects) and transmucosal drugs (systemic side effects). In the first case, the goal is to obtain a specific release of the drug site to the mucosa, while the second case involves absorption of the drug through the mucous barrier to reach the systemic circulation. Absorption through the buccal mucosa exceeds premature drug degradation due to enzymatic activity and pH of the gastrointestinal tract, avoiding active drug loss due to presynaptic metabolism, acid hydrolysis, and therapeutic plasma drug concentration rapidly achieved. The adhesive properties of such drug delivery platforms can reduce enzymatic degradation due to the larger intimacy between the delivery vehicle and the absorbing membrane. However, for oral administration of drugs, there are disadvantages such as the first-pass metabolism of hepatic and enzymatic degradation within the gastrointestinal tract, which inhibits the oral administration of certain classes of drugs, in particular, peptides and protein. As a result, other absorbent mucous membranes are considered potential sites for drug administration. Transmucosal drug delivery routes offer unique advantages in oral administration for systemic drug delivery. KEY WORDS: Buccal Delivery, Mucoadhesion, Buccal Patch, Mucoadhesive Polymers, Permeation Enhancer, Evaluation of Buccal Patch.

ABSTRACT: Valsartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist and is widely used in the management of hypertension to reduce cardiovascular mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction following myocardial infarction, and in the management of heart failure. Valsartan fast dissolving tablets have been prepared by direct compression technique. Effect of superdisintegrant croscarmellose sodium (CCS) on disintegration time, wetting time, Water absorption ratio, drug content in-vitro release and stability parameters have been studied. Increase in the level of croscarmellose sodium the disintegration time and dissolution parameters (t _50% and t _90% ) decreased. The stability study carried out as per ICH guidelines, the disintegration time of tablets decreased significantly (p<0.05). It is concluded that fast dissolving tablets of Valsartan could be prepared by direct compression technique. KEYWORD: Valsartan, fast dissolving tablet, croscarmellose sodium, super disintegrant.

ABSTRACT:

A Simple, Sensitive and rapid UV Spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of Perphenazine(PER). The absorption spectrum of PER standard solution (10ug/mL) in methanol was recorded and the wavelength of maximum absorbance was found to be 254.80nm. First and second derivative spectra were also recorded for the same solution. From the first derivative spectrum, it is found that a valley at 261.40nm showed the maximum amplitude and therefore validation of the method was carried out by measuring the amplitudes at this wavelength. The second derivative spectrum has the maximum amplitude in a negative valley at 256.80nm, hence the second derivative was validated by measuring amplitudes at 256.80 nm. Standard deviation and percent of relative standard deviation were calculated and found within limits. The mean percent of recovery were evaluated at 0%, 80%, 100%, 120% concentration levels and found to be within range. The developed methods were found to be linear within the range of concentrations 2-10ug/mL, and slope, intercept and correlation coefficient were calculated and found to be satisfactory. The precision (Repeatability, Intraday, Interday) was evaluated and the result found to be satisfactory. The developed methods were found to be precise, accurate, robust and stable, therefore readily adapted for routine quality control of PER. KEY WORDS: Perphenazine, UV spectrophotometry, zero-order Derivative, first-order Derivative, second-order Derivative.

ABSTRACT: In acid – base titrations indicators are used to show sharp colour change at intervals of pH. Natural pigments in plants are highly coloured substances which show colour changes with variation of pH. Due to certain disadvantages of synthetic indicators such as chemical pollution, availability problems and high cost an effort has been made to analyse the indicator activity of different extract of flower pigments. Natural pigments in plants are highly coloured substances and may show colour change with variation of ph. Many flowers, fruits and vegetables contain chemical substances called anthocyanins which are pigments that react in a different way to acids and bases that change colour in solutions of different pH values. Pisum sativum from family Fabaceae, Catharanthus roseus from Apocyanaceae, Euphorbia ligularia from Euphorbiaceae, Antirrhinum majus from Scrophular, Dianthus Plumaris from Caryophyllaceae, Punica granatum from Puniceaceae, Euphorbia varigata from Fabaceae, Euphorbia mili from Euphorbiaciae, Nelumbo nucifera from Nelumbonceae, Erythrina varigata from Fabaceae, Nerium odoratu from Apocynacea, Rosa indica from rosaceae, Ipomoea biloba from Convovulances give sharp and intense colour change. Herbal indicators are evaluated by using strong acid-strong base, strong acid –weak base and weak acid-strong base, weak acid-weak base. In all these titrations the extract was found to be accurate and useful for indicating equivalence point (neutralization point). KEY WORDS: Herbal indicators, Extraction, Titrations, Acids and Bases, End point.