Volume 5, Issue 6
Pages no. 515-599
ISSN 2277-3681
Available online on 01 November 2015
J Pharm Sci Bioscientific Res. 2015; 5(6):515-599.
Copyright © 2014 JPSBR Publications
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A Review: Different UV Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Quinolone Derivatives
Vishwa C Chauhan, Divya D patel, Megha J Rana, Megha A Shah
Pellets and recent advances in Pelletization Techniques- A Critical Review
Vora Dhruv, Mihir Patel, Pratik Upadhyay, Shreeraj Shah
Formulation and Evaluation of Mouth Dissolving Film Of Betahistine Dihydrochloride
Patel Dipal M, Mihir Patel, Pratik Upadhyay, Shreeraj Shah
Bisphenol A Causes Blood Electrolyte Imbalance and Upsets Kidney Functions in Albino Wistar Rats
Francis Ezeonu, Chinenye E. Oguazu, Kingsley I. Ubaoji and Benedeth Anajekwu
Effect of Different Coating Level of Swellable Layer and Rupturable Layer on Drug Release of Time Controlled
Release Tablet
P.H.Sharma
Analytical Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Trifluoperazine, Chlordiazepoxide
and Trihexiphenidyl in its Pharmaceutical Dosage form by RP-HPLC
Komal V. Patel, Mandev B. Patel, Nishith K Patel
Antibiotic Susceptibilty of Various Clinical Samples: Tool for Prevention of Infectious Diseases
Simranjit Kaur, Chauhan Prashant
Development and Validation of UV Spectroscopic Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Moxifloxacin
Hydrochoride and Bromfenac Sodium in Combined dosage Form
Shuchi Desai, Hitesh Dalwadi, Kesha Desai
Pulsatile Drug Delivery System of Theophylline for the Treatment of Nocturnal Asthma
Pushpraj I. Rana, Chintan Oza, Mehul J. Patel, Nikita V. Khetani
Development and Validation of UV- Spectrophotometric Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Spironolactone
and Hydrochlorothiazide in Pharmaceutical Formulation
Z. M. Sayyed, S. A. Shinde, V. J. Chaware, B. P. Chaudhari.
Comparative Study on Resistance Pattern of Staphylococcus Aureus against Amoxicillin, Cefaclor, Levofloxacin
and Tetracycline
Sonia Ayub, Bilqees Fatima, Syed Baqir Shyum Naqvi, Dr. Dilnawaz Sheikh, Syed Muzaffar Ali , Faiza Ayub
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Novel 1-[2-(2-Tert-Butylcarbamoyl-Benzoylamino)-Alkyl
Acyl]-Piperidine-4-Carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester
Raju Kharatkar, K. A. Joshi
Anti- Acne Activity Possessed by the Extract of Opuntia Ficus-Indica
Shivani Desai
Anti- Acne Activity of Piper Nigrum Fruit Extract
Shivani Desai
Acute oral toxicity study of extract of spathodea campanulata bark in Wistar rats
Neha Palande
Acute oral toxicity study of extract of Embelia basaal stem bark in rats: a safety study
Neha Palande
ABSTRACT:
The quinolones are a family of synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs used in the treatment of urinary tract infections, respiratory tract
infections, gastroentritis, and sexually transmitted diseases etc. Their antibacterial spectrum includes activity against gram negative organisms and
also has been expanded to include activity against gram positive organisms. They act by inhibiting DNA synthesis by promoting cleavage of bacterial
DNA in the DNA-enzyme complexes of DNA gyrase and type IV topoisomerase resulting in rapid bacterial death. The clinical and pharmaceutical
analysis of this drug requires effective analytical procedures for quality control, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies as well as
stability study. An extensive survey of the literature published in various analytical and pharmaceutical chemistry related journals has been
conducted and the instrumental analytical methods which were developed and used for determination of quinolones derivatives as single or
combination with other drugs in bulk drugs and formulations have been reviewed. This review covers the time period from 2002 to 2014 during
which six spectrophotometric analytical methods like simultaneous method, Q-absorbance method, dual wavelength method, derivative method,
AUC method, difference spectrometry method were reported.
KEY WORDS: Quinolones, AUC (area under curve), difference spectrometry, Q-absorbance method, Simultaneous equation method, dual
wavelength method, derivative method
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ABSTRACT:
In present time; pelletization technologies are gaining much importance due to reasons that pellets offer; many therapeutic technologies as well
as biopharmaceutical advantages. The present review outlines the brief introduction of pellets, manufacturing of pellets by various pelletization
techniques & characterization of pellets. Review outlines the recent advancements in pelletization technologies such as melt agglomeration, hot
melt extrusion-spheronization, freeze pelletization, cryopelletization, CPSTM, ProCellTM, MicroPxTM , fluid bed pelletizing technology &
minitablets. Also in this review comparision between widely used pelletization techniques like extrusion- spheronization & solution layering is
mad
KEY WORDS: Pellets, pelletization Techniques, Critical Review, CPSTM, ProCellTM, MicroPxTM
ABSTRACT:
Betahistine is anti vertigo drug; mainly used in vertigo associated with M`enie`re's disease. It is vestibular disorder. Main symptoms associated
with this disease are spontaneous violent vertigo, fluctuating hear loss, ear fullness, tinnitus, nausea, and vomiting. All above mentioned symptoms
requires quick relief so, for this MDF is most suitable which give quick action. Main objective of the study was to formulate film having least
disintegration time so give quick drug release which leads to faster onset of action and Formulate film having better mechanical strength. Here
HPMC E15 and PVA film forming polymers were used in combination. They are used in different amounts.PG was used as plasticizer. Mouth
dissolving films were formulated by solvent casting method and evaluated for its Appearance, folding endurance, tensile strength, disintegration
time, in vitro drug release, taste evaluation, %drug content. Formulation F4 (15mg HPMC + 3mg PVA) was optimized on the basis of tensile
strength, disintegration time and in vitro drug release.
KEY WORDS: Betahistine dihydrochloride, Mouth dissolving film, Mechanical properties and Disintegration time.
ABSTRACT:
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a contaminant with increasing exposure to it and exerts both toxic and estrogenic effects on mammalian cells. Available
literature presents inconsistent and in some cases incomplete data on associated organ-system functions. This study investigates the possibility
of blood electrolyte imbalance and kidney function perturbations at prevailing low exposure rates in albino Wistar rats. To five experimental
groups each containing five (5) female rats were administered 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ?g BPA/kgbw/day. To the sixth control group was
given water. A replicate group of experimental rats were similarly treated for seven (7) days to ascertain possible sub-chronic effects. Animals
were sacrificed at the end of the respective studies and plasma sample specimens analyzed by routine diagnostic procedures for kidney
function activities and essential electrolytes using Chemwell Chemical Analyzer. Significantly increased concentrations of sodium, chloride,
potassium, calcium, urea and creatinine were observed at all concentrations of BPA exposure at both acute and sub-chronic levels suggesting
that bisphenol A upsets electrolyte balance and causes perturbation of kidney functions. Histological sections of the entire kidney specimen
show normal glomeruli, tubule, interstitium and vascular structures. The renal papillae and calyces were normal and no macroscopic lesion was
seen suggesting that BPA perturbation of kidney functions at these doses and levels of exposure were transient.
Key words: BPA, kidney, perturbation, exposure, sub-chronic
ABSTRACT:
Metoprolol Tartrate tablets consisting of core coated with two layers of swelling and rupturable coatings were prepared and evaluated as
a time controlled release tablet. Cores containing the drug were prepared by direct compression using microcrystalline cellulose and
Spray dried lactose (Ludipress) as hydrophilic excipients with the ratio of 1:1. Cores were then coated sequentially with an inner
swelling layer of Swellable material such as Croscarmellose sodium in different coating level (10mg/cm2, 20mg/cm2 and 30mg/cm2)and
an outer rupturable layer of different coating levels (1.5 mg/cm2 2.5 mg/cm2 3.5 mg/cm2 ) of ethylcellulose. The effect of the different
coating level of swelling layer and the rupturable layer on the lag time and the water uptake were investigated. Drug release rate studies
were performed using USP paddle method. Results showed the dependence of the lag time and water uptake prior to tablet rupture on
the coating levels of the swelling layer and the rupturable layer. As the coating level of swellable layer increases the rate of drug release
also increases. Increasing the level of ethylcellulose coating retarded the diffusion of the release medium to the swelling layer and the
rupture of the coat, thus prolonging the lag time.
KEY WORDS: Metoprolol Tartrate , time controlled release, swelling layer, lag time, ethylcellulose
ABSTRACT:
A simple, rapid, economical, precise and accurate Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method
for simultaneous estimation of Chlordiazepoxide, Trihexyphenidyl HCl and Trifluoperazine HCl in Their Combined Dosage Form
has been developed. The RP-HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of Chlordiazepoxide, Trihexyphenidyl
HCl and Trifluoperazine HCl in their Combined Dosage Form development method has been achieved. The separation was attained
by Column LC- 2010 AT C18 (250mm x 4.6 mm x 5 µm) and Buffer (pH 3.5) : Acetonitrile :TEA (80:20:0.1 v/v/v) as mobile phase, at
a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Detection was carried out at Wavelength of 228 nm. Retention time of Chlordiazepoxide, Trihexyphenidyl HCl
and Trifluoperazine HCl were found to be 3.807 min, 6.887 min and 4.667 min respectively. The method has been validated for
linearity, accuracy and precision. Linearity observed for Chlordiazepoxide 5-15 ?g/ml, for Trifluoperazine HCl 0.5-1.5 ?g/ml and for
Trihexyphenidyl HCl 1-3 ?g/ml. The Percentage recoveries obtained for Chlordiazepoxide, Trifluoperazine HCl and Trihexyphenidyl
HCl were found to be in range of 99.27 ± 1.09, 99.57 ± 0.56 and 99.22 ± 0.51 respectively. Developed method was found to be
accurate, precise and rapid for simultaneous estimation of Chlordiazepoxide, Trihexyphenidyl HCl and Trifluoperazine HCl in their
combined dosage form.
KEY-WORDS: Chlordiazepoxide, Trihexyphenidyl HCl and Trifluoperazine HCl, RP-HPLC, Mobile phase, Validation.
ABSTRACT:
Many different studies conducted at many places have shown predictable bacterial strain profiles and their antibiotic resistance patterns.
These studies has also reported the capability of microbes to accept the changes in the environment for their survival, which leads to the
rise in all kind of infections including hospital acquired infections. Therefore, regular observation and check in the bacterial profiles and
their antimicrobial resistance are needed. In this study antibiotic susceptibility of various clinical isolates was tested by Kirby Beaur method.
The results of the study showed a high degree of resistance to various antimicrobial agents, which is a matter of concern.
KEY WORDS: antibiotic susceptibility, surveillance, emergence, antimicrobial, resistance
ABSTRACT:
A newer, simple, accurate and sensitive Absorbance ratio method is developed for the simulataneous estimstion of Moxofloxacin
Hydrochloride (MOX) and Bromfenac sodium (BROM) in combined dosage form. In Absorbance ratio method MOX and BROM both
obeyed Beer's law in the concentration range of 1 - 16 µg/ml. Absorbance ratio method was developed using two wavelenghts which are
275 nm (isobestic point) and 291 nm (?max of MOX). Methanol:water (10:90 v/v) was used as a solvent. The results of the analysis were
analyzed and validated statistically and recovery studies were carried out as per ICH guidelines. It can be used for routine analysis of both
drugs in bulk as well as in pharmaceutical formulations.
KEY WORDS: Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride (MOX), Bromfenac Sodium (BROM), Absorbance Ratio Method
ABSTRACT:
The objective of this study was to prepare and characterize Pre-coated pulsatile tablet of Theophylline giving pulsatile release for
asthma. Pre-coated pulsatile drug delivery gives highest concentration at the early morning when it is needed the most. So it
increases the patient compliance and decreases the side effects. Press-coated pulsatile tablets were prepared by direct
compression method using different polymer ratio of HPMC K4M:HPMC K15M, croscarmelose sodium polymers to achieve
pulsatile drug release. Effects of all the polymers, with different concentrations, on physical properties of Pre-coated pulsatile
tablets were investigated. To evaluate the effect of HPMC K4M: HPMC K15M concentrations, different trial batches of various
polymeric concentration was employed. The optimization of core tablet was done on the basis of disintegration time. The
optimization of Pre-coated pulsatile tablet was done based on the Pree-coated lag time & release rate. The core tablet formulation
C5 and Pree-coated pulsatile tablet formulation PC1 were selected as optimum production formulation. The Pre-coated lag time ,
drug content, disintegration time and in-vitro drug release were found to be 3 hr, 99.21% , 35 sec, 99.67% respectively. From
regression value it revealed that all formulations followed krosmeyer peppas and Weibull model, which indicates that the drug
release follows swelling. Stability study at 400C±20C / 75 ± 5 % RH revealed that there was no significant change in disintegration
time, drug content and % CDR after 30 days. So, prepared formulation was stable during stability study. The developed Pree-
coated pulsatile tablet can be effectively used for oral administration in case of asthma as it releases the drug in a pulsatile
manner up to 9 hours thus improving patient compliance.
KEY WORDS: Pre-coated pulsatile tablet, Theophylline, Chronotherapy, Asthma
ABSTRACT:
Simple, sensitive, specific and economic spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantitation of
Spironolactone (SPI) and Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in tablet dosage form. New method based on the simultaneous estimation of drugs
in a binary mixture without previous separation was developed. In simultaneous equation method, Hydrochlorothiazide and
Spironolactone were quantified using their absorptivity values of at selected wavelengths, viz., 273 nm and 238 nm respectively. The
accuracy and reproducibility of the proposed method was statistically validated by recovery studies. The simultaneous equation method
permits simple, rapid and direct determination of Hydrochlorothiazide and Spironolactone in commercially available tablet dosage form
without previous separations and can therefore be used for routine analysis of both drugs in quality control laboratories.
KEY WORDS: Simultaneous Equation Method, λmax, Validation, Spironolactone, Hydrochlorothiazide
ABSTRACT:
A series of novel piperidine-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester coupled with several N-phthaloyl amino acids derivatives were synthesized, characterized
and their antimicrobial as well as antifungal properties were evaluated. These compounds were synthesized by reaction of DCC/HOBt coupling of
piperidine-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester and N-phthaloyl amino acids followed by ring opening reaction using tert-butyl amine and characterized
using IR, 1H NMR and Mass spectroscopy. The synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, E. coli,
P. aeruginosa, S. typhimurium, F. oxysporum and A. alternata. Some of these compounds exhibited moderate to good activity, where as some were
found inactive.
KEY WORDS: Carboxamide, N-phthaloyl amino acids, tert-butyl amine, antimicrobial activity, antifungal activity, DCC.
ABSTRACT:
Acne vulgaris, a disorder of pilosebaceous glands, is very common worldwide. It is not a trivial disease. The cutaneous and emotional scars produced
by acne may remain lifelong. The onset of acne is during adolescence and almost all the age groups are affected by it. There are various causes of
acne development. Some of the causes of acne are drugs, diet, skin hygiene, atmosphere, climate etc. there are various pathological factors which are
involved in acne. Follicular epithelium gets hyperkeratinized along with comedone formation. Sebum production is increased. There is proliferation of
the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes. Inflammation is caused due to local immune hypersensitivity. Propionibacterium acnes is one of the most
common bacteria which causes acne. Opuntia ficus-indica is known to possess antibacterial activity. The extract of the dried prickles of Opuntia ficus-
indica was tested for the antibacterial activity by determining the zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration. Clindamycin was used as
the reference standard. The extract of Opuntia ficus-indica had shown the zone of inhibition of 32.2 mm and 29.7 mm for Propionibacterium acnes
and Staphylococcus epidermidis, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1.1% v/v and 1.3% v/v were found for Propionibacterium
acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, respectively. Hence, the extract of Opuntia ficus-indica was found to have comparable potency against acne
inducing bacteria. Hence Opuntia ficus-indica can be employed in the preparation of formulations involved in the treatment of acne vulgaris.
KEY WORDS: Anti- acne, Opuntia Ficus-Indica, Clindamycin, pilosebaceous glands, Propionibacterium acnes
ABSTRACT:
Many people in the world are affected by acne. Acne affects the patients physically as well as psychologically. There are various factors contributing
to acne. There are more chances of acne development in patients with its family history. Piper nigrum, which is a commonly found fruit, possesses
anti acne activity. In this study, the extract of Piper nigrum is tested for its anti-acne activity. The whole dried fruits of Piper nigrum were collected
from the local market of the Valsad district (Gujarat) and authenticated. Preliminary phytochemical tests and pharmacognostic evaluation were
performed on the dried fruits of Piper nigrum. The microscopic characters were also studied. The extracts of Piper nigrum were prepared. The
extract with the highest yield was selected and agar cup plate method was used to analyse the antimicrobial activity of Piper nigrum.
Propionibacterium acnes was used for performing this antimicrobial study, while using clindamycin as the standard drug. The alcoholic extract gave
the maximum percentage yield. Phytochemical analysis showed that the alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Piper nigrum contains alkaloids,
carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, phenols, resins, tannins, volatile oil and resins. The zone of inhibition was found to be 11.3 mm, which was
significantly closer to that shown by clindamycin. It was concluded from this study that Piper nigrum is an effective drug which can be used in the
management of acne.
KEY WORDS: Anti- acne, Piper nigrum, Clindamycin, pilosebaceous glands, Propionibacterium acnes
ABSTRACT:
The herbal drug spathodea campanulata has already proved its efficacy in diabetic and malarial parasitic condition but still more therapeutic
potential can be utilize from its different parts. The present study was designed to study acute oral toxicity study of herbal extract of spathodea
campanulata bark as per the OECD 425 guideline. As for any herbal drug must exhibit its safety and efficacy data in animals so the safety study is
the initial requirement for the current work. The herbal extracts of spathodea campanulata bark single oral dose (2000mg/kg) supplemented to
all laboratory screened rats selected for the study. The various assessment parameters like general appearance, behavior, body weight, mortality
were studied. No changes in general appearance & mortality was observed. The spathodea campanulata bark extract was found to be safe at
dose of 2000mg/kg. For efficacy and long term safety prospective further studies are suggested to perform in future.
KEYWORDS: acute oral toxicity study, spathodea campanulata bark, mortality, OECD guideline.
ABSTRACT:
About twenty thousand deaths occur every year due to liver disorder which requires a lot of attention in management and treatment aspects. So
designing of easy to administer, safe and effective liver protective and tonic option is one of the prime goal in alternative system of medicines. The
current study was designed to study acute oral toxicity study of herbal extract of Embelia basaal stem bark as per the OECD 425 paragraph 22
guideline. For any new herbal preparation to arrive into market, it is required to perform stepwise testing approach for developing scientifically
sound data on the safety of the formulation. The herbal extracts of Embelia basaal stem bark single oral dose supplemented to all laboratory
screened rats selected for the study experiment. The assessment parameters like general appearance, behavior, body weight, mortality and necropsy
were studied. No changes in general appearance and mortality was observed. The Embelia basaal stem bark extract was found to be safe at dose of
2000mg/kg. Still this is just a safety confirmation study so further studies like chronic toxicity study will be require to perform in future.
KEYWORDS: acute oral toxicity study, Embelia basaal stem, mortality, liver disorder
